Automated electronic form generation

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for automated electronic form generation are provided. According to one embodiment, a computing device includes a screen. The computing device is configured to display on the screen a single active text entry field through which all information relating to an electronic form to be generated and that is communicated to a remote server is input by an authoring user. The computing device is further configured to display on the screen a preview of the form generated by the remote server based on the information, which includes a text-based description. The preview of the form allows the authoring user to test the functionality of the form by supporting interaction with functional form elements of the form. The preview is displayed on the screen concurrently with the text entry field and updated in real-time or near real-time responsive to changes to the description by the authoring user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS

This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/561,432, filed on Sep. 21, 2017, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Contained herein is material that is subject to copyright protection.The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction ofthe patent disclosure by any person as it appears in the Patent andTrademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves allrights to the copyright whatsoever. Copyright © 2017-2018, PayformixLLC.

BACKGROUND Field

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to automated codegeneration, automated user interface generation and electronic formstechnology. More particularly, embodiments of the present inventionrelate to automated electronic form generation based on natural languageinput potentially augmented with some structure, punctuation charactersand/or special symbols.

Description of the Related Art

Electronic forms are used in a variety of circumstances and settings forpurposes of collecting information. For example, electronic forms can beused as an interactive mechanism to gather information from web sitevisitors, to perform online polling or surveying, to perform scheduling,to accept event registrations and to perform a variety of other tasks.Electronic forms are authored using structured language editors,graphical user interface (GUI) tools, relying on drag-and-dropfunctionality, or sometimes a combination of structured language editorsand GUI tools. Electronic forms may have complex requirements and logicas various fields and form elements, among other things, may beinterdependent and require different types of constraint checking and/orvalidation.

There are a number of limitations associated with current methods ofauthoring electronic forms. Users lacking or having limited specializedknowledge of structured languages, such as markup or computerprogramming languages, find it difficult to produce code, which can beproperly compiled and/or rendered by a computer system in order toprovide expected functionality. Meanwhile, existing GUI tools, whichpurport to simplify electronic form generation, presume end users arefamiliar with the various types of electronic form fields and elementsas well as the types of settings and options associated with such fieldsand elements. Furthermore, the complex interfaces of existing GUI toolsare unsuitable for mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tabletcomputers) having relatively small screens as compared to typicaldesktop devices and presume the end user has a pointing device, such asa mouse or a track-pad, to drag and drop form elements form a firstportion of the screen having a tool bar to another area of the screen inwhich a non-functional preview of the electronic form is presented.These complex interfaces also at times require the end user to interactwith multiple portions of the interface (e.g., a tool bar area,options/settings tabs/menus and/or a form preview area) to edit theelectronic form being created. For example, the end user may be requiredto select a particular form element in the preview window that is to bemodified and then must navigate to an appropriate portion of a menu ortab to select the desired option or setting for the selected formelement. Such interactions, which may involve drilling down through manylayers to get to desired options/settings or functionality, areinefficient, complex and difficult to learn, particularly for noviceusers and are especially difficult to perform in the context of arelatively small screen of a mobile device. Finally, traditionalelectronic form generation tools perform a great deal of theirprocessing on the client side, which might be infeasible on mobiledevices due to processing, memory and/or battery life limitations.

In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art for improvedelectronic form generation technology, including a simplified text-basedinterface suitable for both desktop computing and mobile devices and anintelligent backend that can infer an end user's intent regardingdesired electronic form elements specified based on natural languageinput and optional supplemental information that may provide context.

SUMMARY

Methods and systems are described for automated electronic formgeneration. According to one embodiment, an improved user interface forelectronic form generation is provided. A computing device includes adisplay screen. The computing device is configured to display on thedisplay screen a single active text entry field through which allinformation relating to an electronic form to be generated and that iscommunicated to a remote server computer system is input by an authoringuser. The computing device is additionally configured to display on thedisplay screen a preview of the electronic form generated by the remoteserver computer system based on the information, which includes atext-based description. The preview of the electronic form allows theauthoring user to test the functionality of the electronic form bysupporting interaction with functional form elements of the electronicform. The preview is displayed on the display screen concurrently withthe single active text entry field and updated in real-time or nearreal-time responsive to changes to the text-based description by theauthoring user.

According to another embodiment, a real-time or near real-time,interactive method of creating an electronic form is provided. A servercomponent of an electronic form generation system causes a text entryarea to be displayed within a user interface (UI) of a client componentof the electronic form generation system with which an authoring userinteracts. A text-based description of an electronic form to begenerated in a form of a natural language is received by the servercomponent from the client component. A real-time or near real-timeresponse to the authoring user regarding results of automated electronicform generation is provided by the server component by: (i) generatingstructural data representing the electronic form, includingrepresentations of one or more types of data collecting elements byparsing and processing the natural language; and (ii) facilitatingvisual evaluation regarding whether the electronic form matches anintent of the authoring user by causing a preview of the electronic formto be displayed within the UI of the client component. The servercomponent then enables the authoring user to interactively refine theelectronic form by repeating the receiving of the text-based descriptionand the providing of real-time or near real-time response.

According to another embodiment, a method of generating an electronicform involving the storage of logic and data relating to the electronicform within a form model is provided. A text entry area is caused by aserver component of an electronic form generation system to be displayedwithin a user interface (UI) of a client component of the electronicform generation system with which an authoring user interacts. Atext-based description of an electronic form to be generated in a formof a natural language is received by the server component from theclient component. A form model containing structural data representingthe electronic form and associated form elements, contextual informationfor processing of the text-based description and logic relating to oneor more of the associated form elements is then created by the servercomponent by: (i) gathering the contextual information from one or moreof the text-based description and supplemental information; and (ii)generating the structural data by parsing and processing the naturallanguage including identifying the associated form elements specified bythe text-based description and applying the contextual information tothe associated form elements. Finally, a preview of the electronic formis provided by the server component for display within the UI of theclient component in order to provide an opportunity for the authoringuser to evaluate whether the electronic form matches the intent of theauthoring user.

Other features of embodiments of the present invention will be apparentfrom accompanying drawings and from detailed description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the Figures, similar components and/or features may have the samereference label. Further, various components of the same type may bedistinguished by following the reference label with a second label thatdistinguishes among the similar components. If only the first referencelabel is used in the specification, the description is applicable to anyone of the similar components having the same first reference labelirrespective of the second reference label.

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment in which an electronic form generationsystem can operate.

FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface for entry of natural human languageor near-natural human language and resulting rendering by an electronicform generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates functional modules that can comprise an electronicform generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method for performing electronic form generation inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a user interface for entry of natural human languageor near-natural human language and resulting context-informed renderingby an electronic form generation system in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a user interface for entry of natural human languageor near-natural human language and resulting context-informed renderingby an electronic form generation system in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a user interface for entry of natural human languageor near-natural human language and resulting context-informed renderingby an electronic form generation system in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual representation of processing performedby and interactions among various functional modules of a servercomponent of an electronic form generation system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an exemplary computer system in which or with whichembodiments of the present invention may be utilized.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Methods and systems are described for automated electronic formgeneration. Recognized herein is the need to provide users wishing tocreate electronic forms easier ways of authoring properly functioningelectronic forms. Systems and related methods described herein mayprovide users with a new way of authoring electronic forms, whichutilizes use of a natural human language, such as the English language,in order to obtain an electronic form. Embodiments of the presentinvention seek to facilitate generation and editing of a functionalelectronic form through a simplified user interface that is suitable forboth mobile devices and desktop computer systems. For purposes ofenabling efficient interaction with the form generation system describedherein, in one embodiment, an improved user interface may limit receiptof information describing the desired electronic form to a single activeuser interface control, for example, a single text-entry field, therebyavoiding the typical requirement by existing GUI tools to navigatebetween and among various screens, tabs and levels of menus to selectoptions and/or settings for a particular electronic form element.Additionally, the user interface may concurrently provide a real-time ornear real-time preview of the electronic form in a fully functionalstate, thereby allowing the authoring user to test the electronic formwithout having to change modes (e.g., from an editing mode to a testingmode). As described further below, in embodiments of the presentinvention, a text-based description of the desired electronic form isprovided by the authoring user in a form of a natural language. Optionalsupplemental information may be expressly specified by the authoringuser, obtained by the electronic form generation system from theauthoring device or inferred based on indirect references or otherclues, for example, postal addresses either in the text part of theelectronic form or form fields.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the presentdisclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art thatembodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some ofthese specific details.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include various steps, which willbe described below. The steps may be performed by hardware components ormay be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used tocause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with theinstructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, steps may be performedby a combination of hardware, software, firmware and/or by humanoperators.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a computerprogram product, which may include a machine-readable storage mediumtangibly embodying thereon instructions, which may be used to program acomputer (or other electronic devices) to perform a process. Themachine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, fixed (hard)drives, magnetic tape, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact discread-only memories (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, semiconductormemories, such as ROMs, PROMs, random access memories (RAMs),programmable read-only memories (PROMs), erasable PROMs (EPROMs),electrically erasable PROMs (EEPROMs), flash memory, magnetic or opticalcards, or other type of media/machine-readable medium suitable forstoring electronic instructions (e.g., computer programming code, suchas software or firmware).

Various methods described herein may be practiced by combining one ormore machine-readable storage media containing the code according to thepresent disclosure with appropriate standard computer hardware toexecute the code contained therein. An apparatus for practicing variousembodiments of the present disclosure may involve one or more computers(or one or more processors within a single computer) and storage systemscontaining or having network access to computer program(s) coded inaccordance with various methods described herein, and the method stepsof the disclosure could be accomplished by modules, routines,subroutines, or subparts of a computer program product.

In the present disclosure the phrases “in one embodiment,” “according toone embodiment,” and the like generally mean the particular feature,structure, or characteristic following the phrase is included in atleast one embodiment of the present invention, and may be included inmore than one embodiment of the present invention. Importantly, suchphrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”,“could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, thatparticular component or feature is not required to be included or havethe characteristic.

The terms “connected” or “coupled” and related terms are used in anoperational sense and are not necessarily limited to a direct connectionor coupling. Thus, for example, two devices may be coupled directly, orvia one or more intermediary media or devices. As another example,devices may be coupled in such a way that information can be passedthere between, while not sharing any physical connection with oneanother. Based on the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skillin the art will appreciate a variety of ways in which connection orcoupling exists in accordance with the aforementioned definition.

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment 100 in which an electronic formgeneration and fill system 106 can operate, according to someembodiments. The electronic form generation and fill system 106 isinterconnected with one or more user devices 102 and 104, through one ormore communication networks 120.

The electronic form generation and fill system 106 may be configured toprovide, among other things, a facility for generating electronic forms,for distributing electronic forms through communication networks 120,and for collecting information filled into electronic forms distributedby electronic form generation and fill system 106.

User devices 102 and 104, such as user devices 104 a, 104 b through 104n may be associated with one or more users, and be configured to providea visual interface, as well as one or more devices or methods forinputting text, voice, touch or data available to an intelligentelectronic assistant associated with the device and/or its user.Examples of user devices 102, 104 (a through n) may include mobilephones, personal digital assistants, personal computers, wearabledevices, and any other devices including computing and datacommunication functionality. Authoring user device 102 is utilized by auser to communicate with electronic form generation and fill system 106for the purpose of authoring an electronic form and transmittinginformation describing the electronic form. The electronic formgeneration and fill system 106 will transmit the user interface to theauthoring user device 102 necessary for entry of information describingthe electronic form. User devices 104 are utilized by their respectiveusers to receive a distribution from the electronic form generation andfill system 106 of the electronic form authored by a user of authoringuser device 102 and to fill in information requested in the electronicform. The information requested in the form may be filled using any ofthe input methods available to the user device 104 a, 104 b, through 104n.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, distribution offunctionality between clients and servers in a client-serverarchitecture includes various considerations (e.g., the relativecomputational and/or memory resources available on the device(s)representing or running the client and the server) and tradeoffs (e.g.,communication latency between the device(s) representing or running theclient and the server). In some embodiments, the electronic formgeneration and fill system 106 may reside at least partially on userdevices 102 and 104 (for example, in a locally stored application or anapplication which is made available locally, in full or partially, forthe duration of execution of one or more operations supported by theapplication) and/or may be distributed between them. In otherembodiments, the electronic form generation and fill system 106 mayreside on a computer host external to user devices 102 and 104.

The electronic form generation and fill system 106 may comprise servers,databases and other facilities that allow its users provide informationand/or data. Information or data may include, among other things,descriptions of the electronic forms, their intended usage, parametersof information and data to be requested in the electronic forms, logicparameters methods of handling or otherwise processing information anddata filled by electronic form users.

If the electronic form generation system employs a client-server modelor client-server architecture, a person of ordinary skill in the art mayappreciate that the system relies on technology or computer model thatseparates applications, programs, processes or devices into twocategories, clients and servers, for example, to better employ availablecomputing resources and/or share data processing loads. As noted below,a client and a server can be within the same computing environment(e.g., a client process and a server process running on the samecomputer system). Alternatively, the client and server may run on or berepresented by separate computers. For example, a client computer systemmay provide the user interaction-facility (e.g., a user interface) andsome or all application processing, while the server computer systemmight provide high-volume storage capacity and or processing power toperform natural language processing, for example.

A client may be implemented as an application, program, process ordevice in a client/server relationship that requests information orservices from another program, process or device (a server) on a networkor within the same computing environment. An application may be a clientto one application but a server to another. A client may be comprised ofsoftware that makes the connection between a requesting application,program, process or device to a server possible, such as a File TransferProtocol (FTP) client.

In turn, a server may be implemented as an application, program, processor device in a client/server relationship that responds to requests forinformation or services by another program, process or device (a client)on a network or within the same computing environment. Server may alsoencompass software that makes the act of serving information orproviding services possible.

Electronic forms may be implemented as web pages with a limited numberof interactive components which allow for user input of requestedinformation. Electronic forms are also commonly referred to as onlineforms, web forms, online web forms or HTML forms. Electronic forms canbe rendered in modern browsers using HTML and/or related web-orientedlanguages. However, as interaction with online and computer systemsundergo changes, electronic forms may sometime not be rendered visuallyin a static manner, but instead rely on other methods of presenting andrequesting information to a user, for example using audio and other richmedia.

Electronic forms may be comprised of various components, such as formelements or electronic form elements, which may be static and/ordynamic. Non-limiting examples of static form elements include titles,headers, static text, field descriptions, graphics and media.Non-limiting examples of dynamic form elements include short text entryfields, long text entry fields, drop-down lists, radio buttons, checkboxes, spinners, file or media upload tools, survey elements, such asinput tables, star ratings and scale ratings, any other components thatmay change or produce varying outputs as users interact with the form.

The network 120 may be a communication pathway between the electronicform generation and fill system 106 and the user devices 102 and 104.The network 120 may comprise any combination of local area and/or widearea networks using both wireless and/or wired communication systems.For example, the network 120 may include the Internet, as well as mobiletelephone networks. In one embodiment, the network 120 uses standardcommunications technologies and/or protocols. Hence, the network 120 mayinclude links using technologies such as Ethernet, 802.11, worldwideinteroperability for microwave access (WiMAX), 2G/3G/4G mobilecommunications protocols, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), InfiniBand,PCI Express Advanced Switching, etc. Other networking protocols used onthe network 120 can include multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), thetransmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), the UserDatagram Protocol (UDP), the hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), thesimple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), the file transfer protocol (FTP),and the like. The data exchanged over the network can be representedusing technologies and/or formats including image data in binary form(e.g., Portable Networks Graphics (PNG)), the hypertext markup language(HTML), the extensible markup language (XML), standard generalizedmarkup language (SGML), extensible hypertext markup language (XHTML),Wikitext (a/k/a Wiki markup or Wikicode), etc. In addition, all or someof links can be encrypted using conventional encryption technologiessuch as secure sockets layers (SSL), transport layer security (TLS),Internet Protocol security (IPsec), etc. In another embodiment, theentities on the network can use custom and/or dedicated datacommunications technologies instead of, or in addition to, the onesdescribed above.

The electronic form generation and fill system 106 causes an authoringuser device 102 to display a user interface 200. An example of a userinterface displayed on an authoring user device 102 is shown in FIG. 2.If the authoring user device 102 is capable of supporting text input, insome embodiments, the user interface may include a single text inputfield 202. A user of the authoring user interface device 102 may typeinto the text input field 202 information 204 describing the desiredelectronic form. Information 204 may be in the form of natural humanlanguage, for example, the English language. In some embodiments, thenatural human language, such as the English language may be supplementedwith meta information 206, the purpose of which may be to clarify thecontext of the natural human language used to describe the electronicform. The user of the authoring user device 102 may freely describe theelectronic form, provide the form title, provide a summary, name theform fields, identify processing requirements, such as input validation,logic, presentation and processing rules. The authoring user may berequired to follow a minimal structure while providing the description,for example, a sequence of fields.

The user interface presented on the authoring user interface device 102may also include a rendered variant 210 of the electronic form. Therendered variant 210 of the electronic form may display an approximationof appearance of the final electronic form. For example, when theauthoring user types in a natural human language description or naturalhuman language description supplemented with meta information 206, theelectronic form generation and fill system 106 determines the context ofthe entered text and produces structured language needed forinterpretation and rendering of a corresponding electronic form field.

In some embodiments, in response to the user typing in natural humanlanguage description or natural human language description supplementedwith meta information 206, the electronic form generation and fillsystem 106 may determine from the context of the description that a setof electronic form fields is required according to electronic formdesign and data collecting conventions. For example, in response theuser typing describing the form as requiring address information 208,the electronic form generation and fill system 106 may generate a set offields 212 representing different data components of addressinformation, such as Street Address, City, State, Zip Code, and so on.Application of heuristic analyses of natural human language or naturalhuman language supplemented with meta information typed in by theauthoring user may yield many contexts where multiple items of data maybe called for, even when a user uses a shorthand description.

Embodiments where natural human language is supplemented with metainformation 206, the meta information may be meant to provide contextadditional to the natural human language or near-natural human languageutilized by the user. Such meta information, for example, may be typedin by the authoring user and comply with pre-determined rules and/orconventions. In addition, where the user interface presented to theauthoring user on the authoring user device 102 may consist of aplurality of form information text fields, the meta information andadditional context may be derived from designation the text fields tocertain types of information. Other, additional forms of context may bederived from the user's geographic location or region, which may beexplicitly specified by the authoring user, determined by receivinginformation from the reference to geolocation hardware associated withthe authoring user device or deduced or guessed by analyzing indirectreferences or other clues, for example, postal addresses either in thetext part of the electronic form or form fields.

In the case of audio input interface, audio input may be translated intotext input using a speech-to-text algorithm, to enable other processingoutlined above to be performed on recognized text.

FIG. 3 illustrates functional modules of electronic form generation andfill system 106 according to some embodiments. These modules may beimplemented across a range of hardware and are not necessarily eachbound to a specific item of hardware or other underlying technology. Forexample, data module 315 may be implemented as a relational database,in-memory data storage, NoSQL, columnar, and/or streaming data,key-value storage and retrieval system residing on dedicated hardwareand/or distributed in a physical and/or logical manner.

Form language capture module 301 of the electronic form generation andfill system 106 captures text input being typed in by the authoring userat the authoring user device 102. If the input is in another form, forexample, audio, form language capture module 301 may convert such inputinto text or otherwise interpret the input.

Form context framework module 303 assesses the context, in which theinput from the authoring user device 102 may be provided and determinesa contextual framework for subsequent text processing. As a part of thisassessment, the form context framework module 303 may identify,estimate, and derive the user's language preference(s), geolocation(s),region(s) and data format(s) based on past interactions of the user withform generation and fill system 106.

Form language data extraction module 305 determines the likely intendedstructure of the electronic form based on input from form languagecapture module 301 and form context framework module 303. Module 305processes natural human language and/or near-natural human languagesupplemented with meta information to identify elements of electronicforms, for example, form title, summary, actions, functions, dataprocessing and handling rules among other things.

Module 305 may employ staged methods of processing natural humanlanguage, for example, including multi-phase text pre-processing,parsing, structure composition analysis, extracting structured data,which may be used to generate the electronic form.

Pre-processing may involve text extraction and cleanup, using sentenceand word tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, and stop-word removal.Parsing may involve tagging, named entity recognition, template elementand form entry recognition. Analysis may involve matching data collectedduring parsing against the context framework for identification and/ordefinition of specific elements of the electronic form, for example:text paragraphs, form field sections, and individual form fields, whichmay be explicitly defined in a given language, geographical region aswell as optionally building logical interconnects between differentelements of the electronic form. Form availability requirements, timingand location constraints may be identified at this stage. Structurecomposition utilizes data produced during analysis stage is used toproduce a structured definition of the electronic form.

Module 305 may further employ a bag of words, network representation, orother Natural Language Processing (NLP) model augmented by synonym worddictionaries in languages that may be potentially used the descriptionof the electronic form for the purpose of allowing the user extensivefreedom of directive expression. A relaxed approach such as this allowsfor the use of multiple languages and dialects as well as simplewritten/spoken mistake auto-correction, which may be improved furtherwith the addition of predictive algorithms.

Module 305 may also detect common patterns in the natural human languageused to describe the electronic form. For example, certain patterns maybe common to electronic form element definitions. Such patterns may berecognized and corresponding user directives may be tagged forsubsequent analysis and conversion into structured data. Processingutilized by module 305 may offer additional flexibility in directiveexpression due to its ability to largely ignore grammar, sentencestructure, and permit a variety of synonyms, which can be used toexpress a commonly recognized task. For example, while defining anexception to the form availability rule the user may use any one of thefollowing trigger words: “with exception”, “with an exception”, “withthe exception”, “exclude”, “excluding”, “exempt”, “exclusive of”,“leaving out”, “omitting”, “barring”, “beside”, “leaving”, “aside from”,“apart from”, “short of”, “skip”, “minus”, “outside”, “without”,“rejecting”, “saving”, “save”, “bar”, “but”, “if not”, “no”, “not”,combinations or even slightly misspelled versions of these trigger wordsto the same result.

Permissive logic, if employed by module 305 may assist with authoring ofthe most likely electronic form template representation based on thenatural human language, non-structured or with a minimal structure,input narrative provided by the authoring user. Language processingcomponents of module 305 may not report errors or ambiguity messages tothe user. Instead, subsequent user correction of the narrative is usedto correct the electronic form representation if a correction isrequested by the user.

To the extent that the electronic form generation system 106 relies onelectronic dictionaries and/or other word and expression repositoriesused to aid module 305 in processing the language of the descriptioninput by the authoring user, such dictionaries and or repositories maybe dynamically updated or augmented otherwise. The dynamic updates andaugmentation may be performed based in a variety of ways includingcomputer learning, including utilizing descriptions and other inputsfrom one or more authoring users.

Module 305 may identify macro meanings of terminology utilized in thenatural human language description of the form. For example, whenidentifying a term “name,” module 305 may output an instruction togenerate a field-set comprising the First Name, Middle Name, Last Namefields. In this example module 305 may also generate a rule-set, forexample, to capitalize each of the entered first, middle and last names.In another example, a natural human language description of “pay $20”may generate a combination of field-sets and rule-sets. The field-setwill consist of a set of fields associated with a credit card or otherform of payment (for example, ACH, PayPal, virtual currency, etc.),payment processor integration instruction. The rule-set for each of thepayment types may include validation logic, such as credit card numbervalidation, length validation for ABA bank routing numbers. Input fromform context framework module 303 may provide generation of specificfield-sets and rule-sets, for example, by generating fields for entry ofbanking information specific to the identified geographic location ofthe authoring user device 102. In a further example, the addressinformation fields will account for information and formats of theaddresses consistent with the identified geographic location of theauthoring user device 102.

Module 305 may perform further assessments of the natural human languageinput and the resulting form as a whole by, for example, identifyingpotential interdependencies between the form elements described by theuser. Based on the results of this assessment, post-processing isapplied to the electronic form in order to improve the field flow andremove possible duplicate form field sections or individual form fields.For example, if the authoring user provided the description of a postaladdress section to be present near the top of the form and laterdescribed collecting payment, then both sections may be interlinked toavoid duplicative filling of data into the distributed form.

Structured language generator module 307 obtains input from the formlanguage data extraction module 305 and generates an electronic formrepresented in a structured language, as for example, a markup language,computer programming language, etc., which in turn, may be output in atext format, a partially or fully interpreted format, a partially orfully compiled binary format or combination of any of the above,suitable for preview while being authored on the authoring user device102 and, once determined by the authoring user as being complete,distribution of electronic forms to user devices 104.

In some embodiments, the output of the structured language generatormodule 307 is received processed and rendered as a preview of theelectronic form in the user interface of the authoring user device 102.Such processing and rendering may be performed in real-time,substantially in real-time, or near real-time. Thus, a preview of theelectronic form appears as the authoring user inputs a description ofthe form into the authoring user device 102, even if the description ispartial and substantially incomplete. The authoring user has anopportunity to interact with the preview of the electronic form, whilethe description is being input. The authoring user may make edits to theelectronic form by making changes to the text of the description (iftext input of the authoring user device 102 is being utilized). As editsare being made to the entered description, they are reflected in thepreview of the electronic form.

The form description may be saved in text form as entered by the userand stored in form data storage module 315. The user may use any texteditor computer software outside the electronic form generation system106 to generate and save plain text descriptions of the electronic form.Such descriptions may be copied and pasted into the text input field 202to generate a new electronic form without loss of proper functionality.Likewise, individual portions of the text description of the electronicform may be copied and pasted throughout the description, without lossor duplication of functionality, processing specifications and otheraspects of the electronic form.

Data extracted from the description provided by the authoring user,including context data, and data resulting from the contextualizationand natural language analyses such as that performed by the formlanguage data extraction module 305 may be stored for each electronicform in extracted form data repository 316. Data from the repository 316may be provided to the structured language generator.

In some embodiments, a user of one of the user devices 104, for example104 a, may fill with requested information the electronic formdistributed from the electronic form generation system 106. The user mayfill the information in a variety of ways, depending on the types ofinput devices and methods available at the user device 104 a. Filledinformation may be transmitted to the electronic form generation system106 via network 130 and stored in filled form data repository 319. Inembodiments where the distributed form is rendered on the user device104 a as audio, the user may fill the information requested in theelectronic form by using a voice input or another type of input thataccepts natural human language. In embodiments where natural humanlanguage is utilized to fill the electronic form, the inputted languagemay also be processed utilizing techniques for natural languageprocessing, identification of context, and data extraction like thosedescribed for authoring of electronic forms and performed by modules309, 311 and 313. Language input, identification of context, and dataextraction may take place on the user device 104 a, for example, and mayutilize intelligent electronic assistants and data available to them forfilling the information requested in the distributed electronic forms.

In embodiments where other types of electronic information and datagathering and/or interchange mechanisms are generated from thedescription provided by the authoring user, an electronic form ordocument may not need to be rendered. Instead use devices 104 may bepresented with requests calling for use of an application programminginterface (API) and involvement of the user operating user device 104may be delegated to intelligent assistants or other forms of automatedor semi-automated response. For example, the user may simply respond toan incoming request using an oral response “sign me up,” which will beinterpreted by the device 104 b, for example, to fill in or provide in adifferent manner information it has about the user, such as name,address, and so on.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method that may be utilized in the operation of anelectronic form generation system, according to some embodiments. Method400 enumerates steps that may occur in operation of the electronic formgeneration system 106. The steps shown here are for illustrativepurposes and may occur in a sequence different than the one depicted anddescribed herein. Some steps may occur concurrently or in a combination,while others may be omitted and/or substituted.

In step 401 the electronic form generation system receives or obtainsotherwise natural human language, used to describe the desiredelectronic form by the user authoring the electronic form at anauthoring user device (e.g., authoring user device 102). The naturalhuman language may be represented as text, audio, or anotherrepresentation.

In step 403 the electronic form generation system 106 may gatheradditional context, which may be helpful in identifying the intent ofthe authoring user with respect to the electronic form that is beingcreated and extracting relevant meaning. In some embodiments, thenatural human language describing the electronic form may containsupplemental information, such as meta information, have minimalstructure, contain specialized terminology, and/or other elements, whichmay assist with derivation of user intent, meaning, and other types ofcontext. As described above relative to the form context framework 303,context may also be derived from meta information about the authoringuser device 102, such as its geographical location derived from thedevice's own geolocation hardware and related APIs, its networkidentifier, and/or information specified by the authoring user. Inadditional embodiments, the language used by the authoring user whiledescribing the electronic form may also be utilized for context analysisand derivation. The language describing the electronic form and contextmay be processed in step 405 to extract actionable data.

In step 407 the electronic form generation system may utilize theactionable data to determine fields, rules and/or field-sets, rule-setswhich are appropriate for the actionable data. In step 409 theelectronic form generation system may generate a preview of theelectronic form such that the authoring user may evaluate visually, forexample, what the electronic form will look like, based on thedescription provided by the electronic user. The generation of thepreview, may include generation of markup language, or a computerprogramming language, necessary for the fields, rules and/or field-sets,rule-sets to be displayed or rendered otherwise as a portion of the userinterface 200 shown the authoring user's device 102. The authoring usermay provide edits, modification, additions and other changes to thedescription of the electronic form, which the electronic form generationsystem 106 may receive or obtain otherwise in step 411. The user mayperceive that changes to the description cause the preview electronicform to reflect such changes in real-time, near real-time, or insubstantially real time.

After the user determines that the electronic form is complete, the formmay be marked for distribution and similarly to the preview adistribution copy may be generated in step 413. Like the preview, thedistribution form may be generated in a markup language, a computerprogramming language, and later compiled fully or partially in step 415before or after being transferred to the user device 104, where it maybe rendered in step 416 into visual, audible or another form to beperceptible and actionable upon by the user of the user device 104.

FIG. 5 illustrates a user interface 500 for entry of natural humanlanguage or near-natural human language and resulting context-informedrendering by the electronic form generation system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. The authoring user may enter adescription of the form requiring an address. The electronic form system106 may interpret the description and generate a field-set 504 based onthe location of the user and other context.

FIG. 6 illustrates a user interface 600 for entry of natural humanlanguage or near-natural human language and resulting context-informedrendering by an electronic form generation system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5the authoring user may enter a description of the form requiring anaddress. The electronic form system 106 may interpret the descriptionand expand it into a field set based on the location of the user andother context. The electronic form generation system 106 may performstep 406 attempting to identify further context in the descriptionentered by the authoring user and processed by module 305. Suchadditional processing for identification of further context may, forexample, determine that the authoring user intends to collect Australianaddress by specifying the target region 602. The electronic formgeneration system responds by generating a field-set 604 reflectingAustralian address formatting and information.

The identification of additional context, such as that illustrated inFIG. 5 and FIG. 6 and described above, and its integration into theoutput preview or distributable electronic form may take place withoutthe need to re-configure user preferences, user interface settings, orhaving to override other context identified in the course of theinteraction between the system 106 and the authoring user. As describedfurther below, context applicable to the electronic form may berepresented in a hierarchical manner so as to allow more specificcontext information for a particular section to override or supplementcontext information applicable at the global level, for example.

The exemplary embodiments set forth herein describe electronic forms asa use of the invention. The approaches shown are equally applicable togeneration of other types of electronic documents, applications,application programming interfaces, user interfaces, computerizedinformation and data interchange and/or gathering systems among others.

FIG. 7 illustrates a user interface 700 for entry of natural humanlanguage or near-natural human language and resulting context-informedrendering by an electronic form generation system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. As described above the electronicform generation system may include a client component (e.g., a web pageor a native app on a client computer system, smartphone or tabletcomputer) and a server component (e.g., a server farm, cluster orcloud).

In one embodiment, the client component includes a web browserapplication capable of interpreting and rendering World Wide Webstandards and technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, etc. The clientcomponent is responsible for providing text input for definition of thedesired electronic form, it utilizes a transport mechanism (e.g., anasynchronous AJAX, HTML5 Web Sockets, Comet, REST) for marshalling thetext form definition to the server component, receiving content orstructured data (e.g., in the form of a markup language, like HTML, XML,JSON, or another data format) or another computer programming language)for the form preview from the server component, and rendering the formpreview for the authoring user to see via a display of the authoringclient system. The client component may transmit the text description ofthe electronic form input by the authoring user to the server componenton a constant or periodic basis. For example, the client component maystream information provided by the authoring user or periodicallytransmit (e.g. multiple times each second) the entirety of the availabletext description of the electronic form input by the authoring user upto the time of transmission. Meanwhile, the server component isresponsible for receiving the text form definition from the clientcomponent (e.g., via AJAX, WebSockets or another network protocol),analyzing the text, parsing the form definition from it, building theform model, rendering the form model into aa preview, for example, inthe form of HTML code and marshalling the preview back to the clientcomponent. Again, as noted above, functionality performed by the clientcomponent and the server component may be distributed in other ways andthe client component and the server component may reside on the samedevice or on different devices and communicate via a network (e.g., theInternet).

In the context of the present example, the client component displays anHTML page 700 provided by the server component and includes two primaryelements, a text input field 710 through which the authoring userprovides the electronic form definition (e.g., a text-based description712 of the desired electronic form expressed in a natural language) anda form preview area 720 in which a fully functional version of anelectronic form 722 resulting from the electronic form definition isdisplayed.

When the client component is running on a mobile device (e.g., asmartphone or a tablet computer) having one or more of processing,memory, networking, battery life constraints and/or based on othermatters of design choice, all or a substantial portion of the formprocessing can be offloaded to the server component. In this manner, theclient component's responsibilities can be limited to, for example,running code provided by the server component as part of the formauthoring web page 700, collecting form definition 712 from theauthoring user, marshaling the definition 712 to the server component,receiving the response from the server component in the form of HTMLcode, for example, for form preview, and displaying the preview of theelectronic form 722 to the authoring user in the form preview area 722.An advantage of performing minimal functionality by the client componentis ensuring maximum compatibility with a wide range of client userinterface devices (e.g., desktop computers, laptops, smartphones,tablets, web kiosks, and the like).

As noted above, for purposes of enabling efficient interaction with theform generation system, in one embodiment, user interface 700intentionally constrains input of text describing the electronic form712 to text input field 710, thereby limiting definition and editing ofthe electronic form 722 to a single active user interface control. Inthis manner, navigation through a complex interface can be avoided,thereby allowing an authoring user to be as efficient authoring anelectronic form on a mobile device as compared to authoring theelectronic form on a desktop computer or a laptop. Additionally, in oneembodiment, the user interface 700 may concurrently provide a real-timeor near real-time preview of the electronic form 722 in a fullyfunctional state within the form preview area 720, thereby allowing theauthoring user to test the electronic form without having to changemodes (e.g., from an editing mode to a testing mode).

FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual representation 800 of processingperformed by and interactions among various functional modules of aserver component of an electronic form generation system in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. As described above withreference to FIG. 3 and module 305 and module 307 staged methods ofprocessing natural language may be employed in embodiments of thepresent invention, for example, including multi-phase textpre-processing, parsing, structure composition analysis, extractingstructured data, which may be used to generate the electronic form. Inthe context of the present example, form generator 840 represents onepotential distribution of functionality among exemplary functionalmodules to accomplish the staged processing described above withreference to FIG. 3 and modules 305 and 307.

In one embodiment, description of an electronic form represented as anatural language (e.g., text 810) is received from the client component(e.g., the authoring user device 102) and is processed by a formgenerator 840 to create an intermediate representation (a form model820) from which a structured language (e.g., HTML 830) can be used tocause the client component to display a preview of the fully functionalelectronic form. Upon completion of the form generation process, formmodel 820 will contain structural data representing form sections, formelements, form fields, etc. as well as processing context (e.g.,geographic location, time/date, language, etc.) and logic (e.g., whetherparticular form element(s)/field(s) are required, associated validationlogic, associated constraint checking logic, logic determining whetherdetection of specific element requires inclusion, display, validationsof a new set of other elements, or removes the requirement for inclusionand display of other elements, logic may be derived from one or morecontexts as they become apparent from analysis of the form description810, etc.).

A non-limiting example of logic that may be stored within the form model820 includes rules relating to interdependencies between and amongvarious form fields. For example, multiple payment options (e.g., creditcard, ACH, PayPal, virtual currency, etc.) may be available forselection on an electronic form and responsive to the filling user'sselection of one of the payment options may cause additional form fieldsto be displayed for collection of information specific to the selectedpayment option and/or remove form fields associated with collection ofinformation specific to the non-selected payment option(s). Similarly,an electronic patient intake form, for example, may enable/disablepresentation of subsequent questions based on a gender selection made bythe filling user. For example, selection by the filling user of the malegender may trigger logic removing inquiry relating to whether the useris pregnant.

Responsive to receipt of text 810 by the server component via atransport mechanism a request from the client component, for example,form generator 840, representing a portion of the functionality of theserver component, extracts textual form definition from the clientrequest, passes it to the generator process building the form model ofthe electronic form, generates a structured language output (such asHTML, JavaScript, etc.) resulting from the form model, and returns thestructured language output to the client component which may render aform preview visually to the user. According to one embodiment, thisreal-time interaction between the client component and the servercomponent, over the Internet provides a real-time electronic formgeneration user interface building method currently unavailable in theelectronic form generation market.

In the present example, the form generation system may use a collectionof one or more scanners (e.g., scanner component 841), a collection ofone or more parsers (e.g., parser component 842), a collection of one ormore builders (e.g., builder component 843) and a collection of one ormore formatters (e.g., formatter component 844). These components mayinteract in a successive or another relationship to generate a formmodel 820. Form generator first transmits the text-based definition ofthe electronic form (e.g., text 810) to scanner component 841 toidentify logical sections and form elements. Each section and element ofthe electronic form may be assigned a context determined by the scannercomponent 841.

Parser component 842 determines payload associated with sections andelements, for example this could include values for a static field, suchas a, section title, or a name, values, types, parameters, and logicassociated with dynamic fields. Builder component 843 places thisinformation into a model 820 in a neutral format that may be used togenerate code or another type of structured output. As the authoringuser enters description of the form, the system continuously evaluatesand extracts context, which, in turn alters payload determination andcauses model 820 to update.

As described above, scanner component 841, among other things,determines context and breaks the form definition into sections. Usingthe example of the text-based description 712 provided in FIG. 7, oncethe form definition has been processed by scanner component 841, theelectronic form may be broken into logical sections and elementsdescribed internally as having a payload, a type, and a context. Apayload may be text extracted from the form description 712, in otherinstances it may be structured data extracted from the form description712, a type identifies elements, such as, for example, a header, text,field, or a field set, while context may identify region, language,position of the element in the sequence of form elements, and/or otherparameters that dictate logic.

Scanner component 841 may also be responsible for detecting and trackingthe locale(s) of the electronic form, which may change from section tosection, as well as determining the supporting attributes of eachsection of the electronic form, such as the type of payload (plain textvs. rich text vs. markup vs. well-formed structural definition such asXML, type of markup, whitespace considerations, etc.).

During the process performed by the scanner component 841 it may utilizeformatter component 844 to probe sections of the text 810 against knownpatterns. If detected, the pattern can be normalized. In one embodiment,flexibility is provided so as to allow the authoring user to use variousalternative notations. For example, a field set used for collecting aFirst Name and a Last Name (or a First Name, a Middle Name and a LastName) may be defined using one or more alternative notations, all ofwhich can be treated the same by form generator 840.

Alternative notations may include the use of predetermined punctuationcharacters, keywords and/or predetermined symbols to define and/andconfigure electronic form elements/fields. Those skilled in the art willrecognize the use of particular symbols, punctuation and certainkeywords are a matter of design choice and will therefore appreciatethere are numerous possible variations and alternative notations as wellas completely different notation conventions that may be employed thanthose employed in FIGS. 2, 5, 6 and 7.

In the context of the present example, parser component 842 convertstext payloads of form sections and elements into structural data. In oneembodiment, parser component 842 may use formatter component 844 todetect and convert textual representation of the data into structuraldata. Parser component 842 may be built using a mix of regularexpression (regex) libraries, translation dictionaries, lexicalanalyzers, and natural language processors (NLP). Parser component 842may use one or more macro pre-processors.

According to one embodiment, an email address parser of the parsercomponent 842 will detect, based on the presence of the asterisk, thatthis is a required form field for textual data input of type “emailaddress”, with the corresponding constraints determined by Request forComments (RFC) 5322 and RFC 5321, to be processed by a dedicated emailformatter associated with formatter component 844.

According to one embodiment, a form element containing the word ‘Name’may be captured by an English language macro parser of the parsercomponent 842 that will translate Name into a field-set, including acombination of “First name, Last name”, for example, and applyappropriate constraints to the field definitions (e.g., first letter ofeach field needs to be capitalized, exclude non-alphabetic characters ofthe Unicode set, etc.).

In one embodiment, parser component 842 may determine complexity of theunderlying form element and attempt to identify all defining attributesof the form element. A form element definition may be parsed as amultiple choice form field named “Contact”, with available choices of“By email”, “By phone”, and “Either way is fine”. As noted above inconnection with the discussion of module 305, the parser can allow formultiple possible patterns leading to the same parsed result.

According to one embodiment, parser component 842 recognizes andactively uses both markup and punctuation as parts of templaterecognition. For example, a multiple-choice form field list parser ofthe parser component 842 may recognize both “,” and “/” as validpunctuation mark separators for the list of available options. Parsercomponent 842 may also make determinations regarding field types andfield attributes based on punctuation and markup. Parser component 842may also modify and/or drop markup in payload definitions as necessary.

Parser component 842 may utilize context as determined by the scannercomponent 841 in the previous step. As noted above, the likely intendedstructure of the electronic form may also be informed based on thelanguage in which the text-based description of the electronic form isexpressed by the authoring user. Therefore, continuing with the presentexample, in one embodiment, the following form element referring to anaddress in the US regional context may be parsed as a set of requiredfields for street name, city, state (as a list of US stateabbreviations), ZIP code, and pre-filled country field. A form elementreferring to an address in the context of francophone Canada, may beparsed as a set of required fields labeled as “Addresse de rue,”“Ville,” “Province,” (as a list of Canada province abbreviations), “Codepostal,” and “Pays” (pre-filled to Canada). The regional context forfrancophone Canada may be extracted from the character set used to enterthe description of the form, IP address-based geolocation, spelling, andother information.

A formatter component 844 converts textual data to objects and viceversa. Formatter component 844 may be utilized to recognize and processdates, locales, currency, numbers, addresses, telephone numbers, UniformResource Locators (URLs), email addresses, and more. Individualformatters associated with the formatter component 844 may beimplemented to be locale specific and context dependent.

A builder component 843 produces the constituent parts of and generatesthe form model 820 model for the electronic form.

FIG. 9 is an example of a computer system 900 with which embodiments ofthe present invention may be utilized. Computer system 900 may representor form a part of a server computer system of electronic form generationand fill system 106 or a user device (e.g., user devices 104 a-n orauthoring user device 102).

Embodiments of the present disclosure include various steps, which willbe described in more detail below. A variety of these steps may beperformed by hardware components or may be tangibly embodied on acomputer-readable storage medium in the form of machine-executableinstructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose orspecial-purpose processor programmed with instructions to perform thesesteps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination ofhardware, software, and/or firmware.

As shown, computer system 900 includes a bus 930, at least one processor905, communication port 910, a main memory 915, a removable storagemedia 940, a read only memory 920 and a mass storage 925. Those skilledin the art will appreciate that computer system 900 may include morethan one processor and more than one communication port.

In the context of a fixed computer system, such as a desktop computersystem or a server, examples of processor 905 may include, but are notlimited to, an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium 2 processor(s), or AMD®Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), Motorola® lines of processors, orother future processors. In the context of a mobile device, examples ofprocessor 905 may include, but are not limited to, mobile applicationprocessors or other processors designed for portable devices, such asthe ARM Cortex™-A7, -A8 or A9 processor of ARM Holdings, one or more ofTexas Instruments' OMAP family of processors (e.g., the OMAP2430 or theOMAPV2230), an Intel® 80386 processor, and Intel PXA901 processor.Notably, future mobile devices are likely to have at least twoprocessors, one for carrier processing and one for applicationprocessing. As described above, processor(s) 905 may execute one or moreof the functional modules described herein, such as the functionalmodules described with reference to FIG. 3.

Communication port 910 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modembased dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabitport using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or otherexisting or future ports. Communication port 910 may be chosen dependingon a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN),or any network to which computer system 900 connects.

Memory 915 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamicstorage device commonly known in the art. Read only memory 920 can beany static storage device(s) such as, but not limited to, a ProgrammableRead Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information such asstart-up or BIOS instructions for processor 905.

Mass storage 925 may be any current or future mass storage solution,which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplarymass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, ParallelAdvanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced TechnologyAttachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal orexternal, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewireinterfaces), such as those available from Seagate (e.g., the SeagateBarracuda 7200 family) or Hitachi (e.g., the Hitachi Deskstar 7K1000),one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)storage, such as an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays), available fromvarious vendors including Dot Hill Systems Corp., LaCie, NexsanTechnologies, Inc. and Enhance Technology, Inc.

Bus 930 communicatively couples processor(s) 905 with the other memory,storage and communication blocks. Bus 930 can be, such as a PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI)/PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small ComputerSystem Interface (SCSI), USB or the like, for connecting expansioncards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a frontside bus (FSB), which connects processor 905 to system memory.

Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, such as a display,keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to bus 930 tosupport direct operator interaction with computer system 900. Otheroperator and administrative interfaces can be provided through networkconnections connected through communication port 910. In the context ofa mobile device, operator interface may be via a touchscreen.

In the context of a mobile device, computer system 900 may also includea global positioning system (GPS) receiver (not shown) that providesreal-time GPS location data of the mobile device. The GPS functionalitymay be provided by an external device or it may be integrated with themobile device. The GPS functionality may run on its own processor and/ormemory or utilize the host processor(s).

Removable storage media 940 can be any kind of external hard-drives,floppy drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc—Read Only Memory(CD-ROM), Compact Disc—Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk—Read OnlyMemory (DVD-ROM), flash-based removable media or the like.

Components described above are meant only to exemplify variouspossibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computersystem limit the scope of the present disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computing device comprising: a display screen;a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium, coupled tothe processing resource, having stored therein instructions that whenexecuted by the processor cause the processor to: display on the displayscreen a single active text entry field through which all informationrelating to an electronic form to be generated and that is communicatedto a remote server computer system is input by an authoring user; anddisplay on the display screen a preview of the electronic form generatedby the remote server computer system based on the information, whereinthe information comprises a text-based description, wherein the previewof the electronic form allows the authoring user to test functionalityof the electronic form by supporting interaction with functional formelements of the electronic form and wherein the preview is displayed onthe display screen concurrently with the single active text entry fieldand updated in real-time or near real-time responsive to changes to thetext-based description by the authoring user.
 2. The computing device ofclaim 1, wherein the text-based description is in a form of a naturallanguage.
 3. The computing device of claim 2, wherein the naturallanguage is augmented with structure.
 4. The computing device of claim3, wherein the natural language is augmented with one or more ofpunctuation characters and special symbols.
 5. The computing device ofclaim 1, wherein the text-based description is in a form of an arbitrarycombination of two or more of a natural language, a structured language,punctuation characters, and special symbols.
 6. A method of creating anelectronic form, the method comprising: causing, by a server componentof an electronic form generation system, a text entry area to bedisplayed within a user interface (UI) of a client component of theelectronic form generation system with which an authoring userinteracts; receiving, by the server component, from the client componenta text-based description of an electronic form to be generated, whereinthe text-based description is represented in a natural language;providing, by the server component, a real-time or near real-timeresponse to the authoring user regarding results of automated electronicform generation based on the received text-based description by:generating, by the server component, structural data representing theelectronic form, including representations of one or more types of datacollecting elements by parsing and processing the natural language; andfacilitating, by the server component, visual evaluation regardingwhether the electronic form matches an intent of the authoring user bycausing a preview of the electronic form to be displayed within the UIof the client component; and enabling, by the server component, theauthoring user to interactively refine the electronic form by repeatingsaid receiving and said providing.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein theserver component comprises one or more processes running on a servercomputer system, wherein the client component comprises an applicationwhich executes within a web browser or an operating system running on anauthoring user device, and wherein the server component and the clientcomponent interact with each other via a network.
 8. The method of claim7, further comprising, identifying the one or more types of datacollecting elements by performing pattern recognition within thetext-based description.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the patternrecognition includes observing existence of one or more predeterminedsymbols or one or more predetermined punctuation characters within thetext-based description.
 10. The method of claim 7, further comprisingdetermining, by the server component, a contextual framework forprocessing of the text-based description, including gathering contextualinformation based on the text-based description.
 11. The method of claim10, wherein the contextual information comprises a language in which atleast a portion of the text-based description is expressed.
 12. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the natural language is augmented withstructure.
 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the natural language isaugmented with one or more of punctuation characters and specialsymbols.
 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the text entry areacomprises a single active text entry field and represents a solemechanism through which information, input by the authoring user andrelating to the electronic form being authored by the authoring user, iscommunicated to the server component.
 15. The method of claim 14,wherein the preview of the electronic form is displayed within the UIconcurrently with the text entry area and is updated in real-time ornear real-time responsive to changes to the text-based description bythe authoring user.
 16. The method of claim 6, wherein the preview ofthe electronic form allows the authoring user to test functionality ofthe electronic form by supporting interaction with functional formelements of the electronic form.
 17. A method comprising: causing, by aserver component of an electronic form generation system, a text entryarea to be displayed within a user interface (UI) of a client componentof the electronic form generation system with which an authoring userinteracts; receiving, by the server component, from the client componenta text-based description of an electronic form to be generated in a formof a natural language; creating, by the server component, a form modelcontaining structural data representing the electronic form andassociated form elements, contextual information for processing of thetext-based description and logic relating to one or more of theassociated form elements by: gathering the contextual information fromone or more of the text-based description and supplemental information;and generating the structural data by parsing and processing the naturallanguage including identifying the associated form elements specified bythe text-based description and applying the contextual information tothe associated form elements; and providing, by the server component, apreview of the electronic form to be displayed within the UI of theclient component in order to provide an opportunity for the authoringuser to evaluate whether the electronic form matches the intent of theauthoring user.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said gatheringfurther comprises recognizing a language in which one or more portionsof the text-based description is expressed.
 19. The method of claim 17,wherein said parsing further comprises recognizing one or more keywordsby a macro parser that translates the one or more keywords into acorresponding composite field-set comprising a plurality of text inputfields.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the supplemental informationcomprises meta information contained within the text-based description.21. The method of claim 17, wherein the natural language is augmentedwith structure.
 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the natural languageis augmented with one or more of punctuation characters and specialsymbols.
 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the server componentcomprises one or more processes running on a server computer system,wherein the client component comprises an application which executeswithin a web browser or an operating system running on an authoring userdevice, and wherein the server component and the client componentinteract with each other via a network.
 24. The method of claim 23,further comprising determining a locality-specific format of a portionof the electronic form by performing one or more of: extracting from thesupplemental content geolocation information associated with theauthoring user device; extracting from the supplemental content locationinformation specified by the authoring user; and inferring from thetext-based description the locality-specific format.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, further comprising identifying a field-set including aplurality of address information gathering fields selected, presentedand configured in accordance with the determined locality-specificformat.
 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising identifying afield-set including a plurality of payment information gathering fieldsselected, presented and configured in accordance with the determinedlocality-specific format.
 27. The method of claim 17, wherein the textentry area comprises a single active text entry field and represents asole mechanism through which information, input by the authoring userand relating to the electronic form being authored by the authoringuser, is communicated to the server component.
 28. The method of claim27, wherein the preview of the electronic form is displayed within theUI concurrently with the text entry area and is updated in real-time ornear real-time responsive to changes to the text-based description bythe authoring user.
 29. The method of claim 17, wherein the preview ofthe electronic form allows the authoring user to test functionality ofthe electronic form by supporting interaction with functional formelements of the electronic form.